Cytology and Physiology

Overall Aims :

-to provide an understanding of cytology, physiology and taxonomy
  of plants.

-provides general introduction of Pharmacognosy, leaves medicinal
 plants, constituents and uses.

 ILO(Intended Learning outcomes) :

-knowing adequate knowledge of cytology and physiology of plants.

-reasonable knowledge of medicinal leaves, their active  constituents and uses in life.

Botany comes from Greek word.
Botavn means grass / plants which are safe for livestock to eat
Botany is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life.
The cell may be considered the unit of life


CELL MAY BE DIVIDED INTO :  
-Protoplast
-Cell wall

CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES :
-Mitochondria
-Endoplasmic reticulum
-Ribosomes
-Plastids, chloroplast, chromoplasts, leucoplasts
-Golgi bodies

MEMBRANES :
-Tonoplast : membrane separating cytoplasm and vacuole
-Plasmalemma : membrane bounding the outer surface of cytoplasm

TYPE OF PROTEINS :
-Proteins that are loosely bound to the membrane
-Proteins that are an integral part of the membrane

ORGANELLES :
Nucleus - bounded by a double membraned envelope provided with pores.
             - required for the continued life of a cell.
             - for cell division.

Endoplasmic Reticulum - consists of an array of extensive flatenned vesicles
                                    - may / may not have ribosomes associated with the outer surface of the
                                      vesicles

Ribosomes : involved in protein synthesis

Mitochondria - small organelles about